Best Full-Frame Cameras of 2020

Full-frame cameras are the best of the best: they have the largest sensors, the most megapixels, and lenses that are unmatched. Despite the size and cost, they are the go-to choice among enthusiasts and professional photographers. In addition to DSLRs, which have long dominated the market, full-frame mirrorless cameras are lighter and more compact, and there are more options than ever before. Below are the best full-frame cameras of 2020, from do-everything models to leading budget options. For more background information, see our full-frame camera comparison table and buying advice below the picks. 
 

Best Full-Frame Mirrorless Camera 

1. Sony Alpha a7R IV ($2,998)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 61
Weight: 23.5 oz.
What we like: The highest-resolution full-frame camera on the market. 
What we don’t: Pricey and 61 megapixels is overkill for some people and lenses.
Lenses: 10 Great Sony FE (Full Frame) Lenses 

Just when it seemed like Canon and Nikon might catch up, Sony released the a7R IV. This sleek, full-frame mirrorless camera offers a very impressive 61 megapixels of resolution, which surpasses the Nikon D850 (45.7) and Canon 5DS R (50.6) below to become the highest-resolution full-frame camera on the market. Sony also improved the autofocus, which wasn’t a shortcoming with the older model but makes the IV even more attractive for action and video. Add in easy-to-use functionality, an array of video speeds, and premium build quality including weather sealing, and this is a superb full-frame camera.

The big question for serious photographers in 2020 is whether to go mirrorless or DSLR. It’s true that a camera body like the Sony a7R IV weighs less than competing full-frame DSLRs, but comparable lenses are similar in form factor and sometimes weigh even more. And we do like the optical viewfinder on the Nikon D850 and Canon 5D Mark IV (the a7R IV only has an electronic viewfinder), but the higher resolution, modern feature set, and small form factor make up for it in our opinion. We know a number of enthusiasts and professionals who have switched to Sony mirrorless and never looked back.
See the Sony Alpha a7R IV

 

Best Full-Frame DSLR

2. Nikon D850 ($2,497)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 45.7
Weight: 32.3 oz.
What we like: The features and ergonomics can't be beat. 
What we don’t: Bulkier and heavier than the mirrorless competition.
Lenses: 10 Great Nikon FX (Full Frame) Lenses

If you're in the market for a full-frame DSLR, it's hard to argue against the Nikon D850. Simply put, this camera beats out its top all-rounder competitor, the Canon 5D Mark IV below, in most relevant categories. To name a handful, the D850 has a whopping 45.7 megapixels of resolution vs. 30.4 on the 5D Mark IV, superior autofocus, faster buffering speeds, a higher-resolution LCD screen, and significantly longer battery life. The 5D Mark IV does weigh slightly less and has built-in GPS, but we favor the D850 in a big way.

We hemmed and hawed about whether to rank the mirrorless Sony a7R IV over the Nikon D850 on this list—both are top-notch full-frame cameras in just about every way. For professionals who use their camera every day, the optical viewfinder on the D850 may be a deciding factor, along with the collection of full-frame lenses they likely already own. And while Sony has dramatically improved the autofocus capabilities of their cameras, the D850 still is superior in this regard. Having said that, the Sony a7R IV has better resolution and a slightly more modern feature set, and all signs point to mirrorless leading the charge in the future.
See the Nikon D850

 

Best Budget Full-Frame Camera

3. Canon EOS 6D Mark II ($1,299)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 26.2
Weight: 24.2 oz.
What we like: A great value for a full-frame camera. 
What we don’t: Video shooters may want to spend up for the 5D series.
Lenses: 10 Great Canon EF (Full Frame) Lenses

We have been fans of Canon's 6D series for years, which represents an affordable entry point into the full-frame market from one of the best in the business. Last year, Canon released the 6D Mark II, which offers notable improvements over its predecessor while still staying well below the $1,500 threshold. Compared to the older model, you get a bump in resolution to 26.2 megapixels, a more advanced autofocus system, faster shooting, and touchscreen functionality on the rear LCD. All are solid improvements and make the 6D Mark II a really nice value, particularly for still photography (the 5D series admittedly is much better for video).

The biggest competitor to the Canon 6D Mark II is the Nikon D780 below, which was released in 2020 and replaced the old D750. Both cameras have similar resolutions (the 6D Mark II is slightly better in this regard with 1.7 more megapixels) and burst rates (6.5 fps on the Canon versus 7 fps on the Nikon), and Nikon came to the plate with some notable upgrades on the D780 including a touchscreen and Bluetooth/NFC connectivity. In the end, the D780 probably gets the slight nod in terms of pure specs, but the 6D Mark II is significantly cheaper and the better option for still photographers on a budget. 
See the Canon EOS 6D Mark II

 

Best of the Rest

4. Nikon Z6 II ($1,997)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 24.5
Weight: 21.7 oz.
What we like: A sleek, full-frame mirrorless camera from Nikon at a good price point. 
What we don't: Z-mount lens selection still is limited. 

Sony’s Alpha a7R IV above may be the best all-around mirrorless camera, but the Nikon Z6 II is an impressively capable design and a solid value. Released in 2020 and replacing the version-one Z6, this sleek camera checks almost all of the boxes: it boasts a full-frame image sensor, in-body image stabilization, fast continuous shooting at 12 frames per second, a wide range of video speeds, and a tough, weather-sealed body that is built to Nikon's high standards. Plus, with a relatively small form factor and weight of 21.7 ounces, it’s slightly lighter than the Sony a7R IV and you get much better portability than full-frame DSLRs like Nikon’s hefty D850 (32.3 ounces) and D780 (29.6 ounces). 

Where does the Nikon Z6 II fall short? The autofocus is solid overall but lags behind some of the competition in subject tracking and refocusing in particular. And in choosing between Nikon and Sony mirrorless, lens selection makes the difference for us. The available Z-mount lenses in 2020 are good but not great, and Sony is far ahead in this regard—even Canon's RF offerings have faster apertures. However, Nikon is making strides and its mirrorless lens options continue to improve. And if you already own Nikon FX lenses, an FTZ adapter (sold separately) makes your DSLR glass fully compatible.
See the Nikon Z6 II

 

5. Canon EOS 5D Mark IV ($2,299)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 30.4
Weight: 28.2 oz.
What we like: Does everything well. 
What we don’t: Fewer megapixels and features than the Nikon D850 above.
Lenses: 10 Great Canon EF (Full Frame) Lenses

For non-action shooters, the 5D Mark IV is Canon's leading full-frame DSLR and is loaded with functionality. This popular camera comes with big improvements over the older 5D Mark III including a jump in resolution to 30.4 megapixels, 4K video, and a faster burst rate at 7 frames per second. A notable plus in going with a pro-level Canon camera is the amazing color rendering and skin tones that the brand is known for. For everyone from professional photographers to enthusiasts, the 5D continues to be one of the top DSLRs on the market, period.

The Canon 5D Mark IV, however, is in many ways outmatched by the Nikon D850. As described above, the Nikon wins out in most categories that matter: it has more megapixels, superior autofocus, a more modern feature set, and both cameras are similarly priced. Given that most professionals choose one brand and stick with it (it's not easy or cheap to switch out an entire collection of lenses), the 5D Mark IV is more than enough camera for most people. And the newer (and long-awaited) EOS R has been dubbed the mirrorless version of the 5D Mark IV, which certainly was an exciting development. 
See the Canon EOS 5D Mark IV

 

6. Sony Alpha a7R III ($2,798)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 42.4
Weight: 23.2 oz.
What we like: Still one of the highest-resolution cameras on this list.
What we don’t: The a7R IV above has more megapixels.
Lenses: 10 Great Sony FE (Full Frame) Lenses

Despite the release of the newer a7R IV above, the older a7R III still is one of the highest-resolution cameras on the market. You get 42.4 megapixels along with a host of features including in-body image stabilization, touch functionality on the rear LCD, and 4K video at multiple speeds. Importantly, Sony more than doubled the battery life from the a7R II, which was the Achilles’ heel of the older models. Last but not least, Sony's collection of FE full-frame lenses beats out the Nikon and Canon mirrorless options by a mile. 

The big decision for many is whether to go with the Sony a7R IV or save with the older III. Depending on current pricing, the latter often sells for significantly less, and its 42.4 megapixels are ample for most people, including professionals who aren’t making billboard-sized prints or working in the landscape or fine art worlds. The autofocus improvements on the a7R IV are nice, as is the real-time eye autofocus while shooting video, but many other features and specs remain the same. For pixel peepers, action shooters, and those with deep pockets, the IV is the new king of the hill, but the III may be the better value. 
See the Sony Alpha A7R III

 

7. Canon EOS R ($1,599)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 30.3
Weight: 20.5 oz.
What we like: More megapixels than the Sony a7 III or Nikon Z6.
What we don't: Lacks in-body image stabilization. 

Sony dominated the pro mirrorless market for years, while Canon fans waited patiently for their time. Released a couple of years ago, the EOS R generated a lot of excitement. For around $1,600, you get 30.3 megapixels of full-frame resolution (more than the Sony a7 III or Nikon Z6 II), a robust autofocus system, and fast buffering for action photography and video. Perhaps most importantly—and the reason many people go mirrorless—the EOS R weighs just 20.5 ounces and has a much smaller form factor than its DSLR counterparts. Even the Canon 6D Mark II above, for example, weighs 24.2 ounces and is much larger in the hand, while the 5D Mark IV comes in at 28.2 ounces. 

The most notable downside of going mirrorless in 2020 is Canon's limited collection of RF lenses (for now). As of press time, there are only a handful of RF lenses on the market, including limited wide angle and telephoto options. It's worth noting that Canon's EF to R adapter—offered with the camera for only $99 more—is getting high marks in terms of performance with EF lenses (you also can use EF-S lenses and the camera has a nifty automatic crop mode). In addition, the EOS R does not have in-body image stabilization, unlike its Sony and Nikon counterparts. These issues aside, we love the performance and price of this camera, which is why it's ranked here. 
See the Canon EOS R

 

8. Nikon D780 ($2,297)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 24.5
Weight: 29.6 oz.
What we like: A reasonably priced full-frame DSLR from one of the best in the business.
What we don't: Lower resolution than the D850 and has an optical low pass filter. 
Lenses: 10 Great Nikon FX (Full Frame) Lenses

Nikon had a rough start with its "budget" full-frame DSLR line: the old D600 line had sensor spotting issues that were tough to overcome. But that seems far in the rearview now, and the D780 is a very capable and modern DSLR at a good price. Released in 2020, you get a full-frame image sensor with 24.5 megapixels of resolution, good weather sealing, and reasonably fast shooting speeds at 7 frames per second. And while image resolution is similar to its predecessor, the Nikon D750, autofocus and video quality have come a long way with the help of technology from the mirrorless Z6. 

It’s important to note the D780 is more expensive than the mirrorless Nikon Z6 II above, which currently is retailing for around $2,000. In terms of the cameras themselves, the sensors likely are identical and so are the resolutions, the Z6 II has a smaller form factor and lower weight, and the D780 has a superior viewfinder (and many people still prefer the ergonomics of a DSLR). Perhaps the most notable difference is battery life: the D780 should get over 2,200 shots, on average, whereas the Z6 II pales in comparison at just over 400. Both are excellent cameras and the trend is toward mirrorless, but the D780 remains a versatile camera with a lot of upsides. 
See the Nikon D780

 

9. Nikon Z7 ($2,497)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 45.7
Weight: 20.6 oz.
What we like: Higher resolution than the Sony a7R III. 
What we don't: Pricey and only four Z-mount lenses to choose from. 

Nikon came out swinging with its Z7 and Z6 full-frame mirrorless cameras. The Z7 is the higher-resolution and more expensive model of the two, featuring an impressive 45.7-megapixel image sensor (more than the Sony a7R III), in-body image stabilization, superb low-light performance, a wide variety of video speeds, and just about all of the other advanced features you would expect from a new camera at this price point. The price is high, but the Z7 is one of the premier full-frame cameras on the market in 2020. 

Why is the Nikon Z7 is ranked here? The answer is fairly straightforward: lens selection. The first Z-mount lenses are good but not great, including maximum apertures that are rather pedestrian for the professional set. Nikon has released an impressive roadmap of Z-mount lenses that starts filling in the gaps over the following years, but realistically, this system is quite limited to start. For those who already own FX glass, the company does make an FTZ adapter that is $250 on its own and available in many of the Z7 and Z6 kits for less.
See the Nikon Z7

 

10. Pentax K-1 Mark II ($1,797)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 36.4
Weight: 32.6 oz.
What we like: A nice option for outdoor photographers with good resolution and great weather sealing. 
What we don't: Mediocre autofocus and lens selection.

It's easy to sleep on Pentax, but the brand has a loyal following among outdoor photographers who appreciate the weather sealing and value. With their K-1 Mark II, you only get a minuscule upgrade of .2 megapixels total, but the camera offers an advanced pixel shift mode. Essentially, you can shoot handheld and it will combine four images into one very high-resolution file. It doesn't work perfectly and some still recommend using a tripod with pixel shift, but it's an exciting advancement and we love seeing Pentax take the leap. 

One of the biggest complaints about the original K-1 was poor autofocus tracking. While the Mark II is a step up and the autofocus is considerably more reliable, it still lags behind the competition and we wouldn't recommend going with this body if you're looking to shoot fast-moving objects. Unfortunately, Pentax also took the liberty of baking in mandatory noise reduction into higher ISO files, which we think degrades image quality straight out of the camera. Both of these aspects speak to the true intended usage of the K-1 Mark II: a rugged landscape camera meant to be used on a tripod. Out in the elements and capturing epic landscapes is where it really shines. 
See the Pentax K-1 Mark II

 

11. Sony Alpha a7 III ($1,698)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 24.2
Weight: 22.9 oz.
What we like: A more affordable way to access Sony’s popular a7 series.
What we don’t: More expensive than the Nikon Z6 above. 
Lenses: 10 Great Sony FE (Full Frame) Lenses

We'll start by saying that we really like what Sony has done with the Alpha a7 III. This camera incorporates many features from the popular a7R III above, including a fast burst rate of 10 frames per second, 4K video functionality, and the FZ100 battery that more than doubles the number of photos you can take compared to the older a7 II. While the a7R III is totally capable of shooting action, the a7 III actually is better in this regard with 693 autofocus points compared to the 399 on the a7R III. And at well under $2,000, it's a reasonably priced way to access to Sony's full-frame camera lineup without sacrificing a ton in the way of performance.

What are the shortcomings of the Sony a7 III? Most notably, the camera has a 24.2-megapixel sensor, which represents a considerable drop from the 42.4 megapixels of the a7R III. However, for many people—and particularly non-professionals who won't be enlarging their prints to epic proportions—this is ample resolution and can create outstanding images and videos. And an upside to the image size is that processing photos will be faster as your computer won't be bogged down by the massive files. All in all, similar to the Canon 6D Mark II and Nikon D750, the a7 III can be everything you need in a full-frame camera and nothing you don't.
See the Sony Alpha a7 III

 

12. Panasonic S1R ($3,698)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 47.3
Weight: 36 oz. 
What we like: Impressive resolution and a trusty-feeling form factor. 
What we don’t: Heavy and the S1 and S1H both are better for video. 

Panasonic long has been a mirrorless leader with its Micro Four Thirds systems, but many waited patiently for the company to make the jump to full frame. Released last year, the S1R is a whopper. At 47.3 megapixels, it’s the third-highest-resolution camera on this list behind the Sony a7R IV above and Canon EOS 5DS R below. As expected from Panasonic, the camera shoots excellent video including 4K at 60p. And this isn’t your traditional compact mirrorless model: at over 2 pounds, it’s heavier than most full-frame DSLRs on this list including the Nikon D850 and Canon 5D Mark IV. 

The tough thing for Panasonic—and anyone so late to the game—is that the S1R doesn’t truly stand out in any particular category. It briefly was the highest-resolution mirrorless camera on the market, until the release of Sony a7R IV (it still beats out all Nikon and Canon mirrorless models). It’s also fairly pricey and costs more than the 61-megapixel a7R IV. Last but not least, Panasonic’s L-Mount lens alliance with Sigma and Leica is notable, although everyone has a lot of ground to make up to catch up with Sony. For video shooters, Panasonic also has released the hybrid Panasonic S1, which has fewer megapixels at 24.2 but no crop and better 4K with full-pixel readout, and the high-end S1H for serious cinematographers. 
See the Panasonic S1R

 

13. Canon EOS 5DS R ($3,699)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 50.6
Weight: 29.7 oz.
What we like: Impressive resolution.
What we don’t: High price tag and lack of video options. 
Lenses: 10 Great Canon EF (Full Frame) Lenses

In the full-frame arms race, Canon took a big step forward with the 5DS R. Most impressive is the 50.6 megapixels of resolution, which surpasses the 5D Mark IV by 20.2 megapixels and even tops the Nikon D850 and Sony a7R III. It's worth noting that this camera bucks the hybrid trend and is designed primarily for still photography without video-centric features like headphone sockets or an HDMI output. And keep in mind that Canon released two slightly different versions of this camera: the 5DS (no "R") drops the optical low pass filter and costs slightly less. Both are phenomenal cameras for professional landscape and portrait photographers who don't need the speed or video capabilities of the other full-frame cameras above. 

However, there are some downsides to consider here, and the 5DS R may not be quite as ideal as its 50.6 megapixels suggest. To start, it's not an amazing low-light performer and doesn't have quite the dynamic range of a camera like the Sony a7R IV. Pair that with the relatively slow 5 frames per second of shooting speed, and it's not nearly as good of an action camera either. But if you're a Canon shooter in the hunt for medium format-like resolutions, the 5DS R is as close as you'll get. Other options include going with the a7R camera with an adaptor for Canon glass, and on the other side of the aisle, the Nikon D850 above is well worth a look at 45.7 megapixels.
See the Canon EOS 5DS R

 

14. Sony Alpha a9 II ($4,498)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 24.2
Weight: 23.7 oz.
What we like: At 20 fps, this camera is tied with the Canon 1D X Mark II below as the fastest full-frame camera on the market. 
What we don’t: Sony may be cannibalizing the a9 with the impressive a7R IV above.
Lenses: 10 Great Sony FE (Full Frame) Lenses

Over the past few years, mirrorless cameras have made serious inroads in areas like resolution and video quality, but pro-level speed mostly remained the domain of DSLRs. That all changed when Sony released the Alpha a9 in 2017, which was followed by the a9 II in 2020. At a blazing fast 20 frames per second and with an ultra-advanced 693-point phase-detection autofocus, the Sony a9 II is on par with or outperforms other leading competitors like the Canon 1DX Mark III (20 fps) and Nikon D6 (14 fps). For sports and action photography, it’s one of the clubhouse leaders.

There are a couple of important reasons why the Sony a9 II isn't ranked higher on this list. The first is practicality: few people outside the world of action photography need anything close to 20 frames per second, and therefore a higher-resolution camera like the a7R IV may be a better all-around fit. Second, the full-frame lens options for Sony are growing but still lag behind Canon and Nikon, and particularly at the telephoto end of the spectrum. Given that many sports and action photographers are deeply entrenched in their lens collections, it would be very costly to make the switch. However, Sony has shown they are committed to expanding their lens offerings, which is demonstrated by the releases of the 400mm f/2.8, 600mm f/4, and 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6.
See the Sony Alpha a9 II

 

15. Canon EOS 1D X Mark III ($6,499)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 20.1
Weight: 50.8 oz.
What we like: The top DSLR on the market for action photographers.
What we don’t: Hefty size, shorter battery life, and high price.
Lenses: 10 Great Canon EF (Full Frame) Lenses

The Canon 1D X Mark III and Nikon D6 are the latest and greatest from two legendary camera lines, offering the fastest shooting speeds of any DSLRs on this list. And for action photographers, both were updated in 2020 with even faster burst rates and better tech. In comparing the two, the 1D X Mark III shoots faster at 20 frames per second versus 14 from the D6. On the other hand, the Nikon D6 offers slightly higher resolution, better battery life, a superior rear LCD, and weighs less. Action photographers can't go wrong and both cameras are great at what they do, but we appreciate the extra speed of the 1D X Mark III.

Why aren't either the Canon 1D X Mark III or Nikon D6 ranked higher? First, they are specialty cameras for professional action photographers and the feature sets don't appeal to the majority of people. Second, a camera like the 1D X Mark III is extremely heavy at over 50 ounces with a battery and memory card, which is nearly double the Canon 5D Mark IV at just over 30 ounces. Finally, as we've alluded to above, mirrorless models like the Sony a9 II are changing the game in terms of fast shooting speeds in compact packages—the a9 II can shoot 20 frames per second at just 23.9 ounces for the camera body. And for those looking to save, the older 1D X Mark II currently is selling at a significant discount while supplies last. 
See the Canon EOS 1D X Mark III

 

16. Canon EOS RP ($899)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 26.2
Weight: 17.1 oz.
What we like: Lightweight and a great value.
What we don’t: Does not excel at action or video. 

With Canon’s mirrorless systems on the rise, many photographers were hoping for a cheaper full-frame alternative to the pricier EOS R above. Enter the trimmed-down EOS RP, which was released last year and weighs in at just 17.1 ounces. All told, it’s the lightest full-frame mirrorless camera on the market, provides enough resolution for most people at 26.2 megapixels, and Canon’s RF lens selection is reaching a critical mass where an adapter isn’t mandatory. For those looking to join the full-frame mirrorless revolution on a budget, the Canon EOS RP is your best bet. 

How does the Canon EOS RP stack up to EOS R? You sacrifice just over 4 megapixels of resolution, the RP has a slower burst rate at 4 fps, inferior autofocus, fewer frame rates for video, and a shorter battery life. All of those are important considerations, but so is the price tag, which is significantly cheaper than the R. For still shooters in particular and those who cover ground, the EOS RP is a compact and lightweight mirrorless camera at a good price. And for bargain-seekers willing to explore the Sony side of the aisle, the 24.3-megapixel Alpha a7 II currently is selling for a low $898. 
See the Canon EOS RP

 

17. Nikon D6 ($6,497)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 20.8
Weight: 51.2 oz.
What we like: Fast burst and autofocus.
What we don’t: Slower than the Canon 1D X Mark III above; too heavy and expensive for most people.
Lenses: 10 Great Nikon FX (Full Frame) Lenses

The Nikon D6 is a monster of a full-frame DSLR. With blazing speed, it’s one of the cameras you’ll see behind the basket at the NBA Finals and on the sideline of the Super Bowl. However, the D6 weighs in at over 3 pounds—all other cameras on this list aside from the Canon 1D X III above are at least a full pound less. Redeeming features are the fast burst rate of up to 14 frames per second, impressive ISO range, and superb build quality overall. If you shoot action or sports, this is the premier Nikon DSLR on the market and worth the investment (especially if your employer is paying).

Considering Nikon's relatively recent entry into the full-frame mirrorless world (with the Z6 II and Z7), it will be interesting to see how models like the D6 fare in the end. While the two mirrorless cameras weren't built to replace this line, the new Z6 II can shoot a very respectable 12 frames per second (the Z7 is slower at 9 frames per second). With the Z mount, these cameras are limited in terms of lens options without using an adapter, but Nikon already has been focused on expanding the Z line. We aren't saying that you should replace your D6 with a Z6 II, but it will be fun to see how Nikon's mirrorless system evolves in the coming years. 
See the Nikon D6

 

18. Leica SL2 ($5,995)

Category: Mirrorless
Megapixels: 47.3
Weight: 29.5 oz.
What we like: Leica image quality is tough to beat.
What we don’t: Very expensive, and so is Leica glass. 

A few years ago, Leica made its first foray into mirrorless with the SL. Now onto the second rendition, the new-for-2020 SL2 is very competitive with top models from Sony and other brands. The latest version gets nearly double the megapixels at 47.2 (up from 24), a blazing-fast burst rate of 20 frames per second, an ultra-high-resolution electronic viewfinder, and great ergonomics. We could go on and on about all of the bells and whistles on this camera, including 5K video, in-body image stabilization, weather sealing, and more. Simply put, Leica means business with the SL2 and it’s a top-tier mirrorless camera. 

At nearly $6,000, the real question is whether the Leica SL2 is worth the high cost. Some people like to say that you're paying extra for the little red "Leica" badge on the camera, and while you do get an impressive feature set and access to incredible lenses, it’s hard to argue that paying nearly double the price of the impressive Sony a7R IV is worth it. Granted, Leica fans will fervently argue the opposite, but if you fall into that category, then you don't need convincing from us. For the rest of you, we think you're better off saving with Sony.
See the Leica SL2

 

19. Sony Alpha a99 II ($3,198)

Category: DSLR
Megapixels: 42.4
Weight: 30 oz.
What we like: Impressive specs across the board. 
What we don’t: A-mount lens options and Sony's questionable commitment to DSLRs. 

Just when many people thought Sony’s A-mount line of full-frame DSLRs was on the way out, the impressive a99 II hit the market. Released at the end of 2016 and four years after the original a99, the technological jumps were large. The a99 II has a whopping 42.4 megapixels of resolution vs. 24.3 on the old version, the camera shoots a speedy 12 fps instead of 6 fps, and you get 4K video, among a number of other features. This is an entirely different DSLR and gives heavy hitters like the Nikon D850 and Canon 5D Mark IV a run for their money.

Despite all the positives, it still feels like Sony's a7 cameras overshadow the a99 II. Much of the company's resources have gone toward developing and marketing mirrorless, and a good number of people already have settled on a7 systems (ourselves included). Further, the available A-Mount lenses fall well short of the quantity and quality for Canon or Nikon DSLRs. Sony is not abandoning the A-Mount and has said that they will be developing more lenses in the future, but it's hard to bump this camera further up this list until that comes to fruition. 
See the Sony Alpha a99 II

 

Full-Frame Camera Comparison Table

Camera	Price	MP	Weight	Burst	ISO	4K	1080p Speeds
Sony Alpha a7R IV	$2,998	61	23.5 oz.	10 fps	50-102400	Yes	120, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Nikon D850	$2,497	45.7	32.3 oz.	7 fps	32-102400	Yes	120, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Canon 6D Mark II	$1,299	26.2	24.2 oz.	6.5 fps	100-25600	No	60, 30, 24 fps
Nikon Z6 II	$1,797	24.5	21.7 oz.	14 fps	50-204800	Yes	120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Canon 5D Mark IV	$2,299	30.4	28.2 oz.	7 fps	50-102400	Yes	60, 30, 24 fps
Sony Alpha a7R III	$2,798	42.4	23.2 oz.	10 fps	50-102400	Yes	120, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Canon EOS R	$1,599	30.3	20.5 oz.	8 fps	50-102400	Yes	60, 30, 24 fps
Nikon D780	$2,297	24.5	29.6 oz.	7 fps	50-204800	Yes	120, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Nikon Z7	$2,497	45.7	20.6 oz.	9 fps	32-102400	Yes	120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Pentax K-1 Mark II	$1,797	36.4	32.6 oz.	4.4 fps	100-819200	No	30, 25, 24 fps
Sony Alpha a7 III	$1,698	24.2	22.9 oz.	10 fps	100-51200	Yes	120, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Panasonic S1R	$3,698	47.3	36 oz.	9 fps	50 to 51200	Yes	60, 30, 24 fps
Canon EOS 5DS R	$3,699	50.6	29.7 oz.	5 fps	50-102400	No	30, 25, 24 fps
Sony Alpha a9 II	$4,498	24.2	23.2 oz.	20 fps	50-204800	Yes	120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Canon 1D X Mark III	$6,499	20.1	50.8 oz.	20 fps	50-819200	Yes	120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Canon EOS RP	$899	26.2	17.1 oz.	5 fps	50-102400	Yes	60, 50, 30, 25 fps
Nikon D6	$6,497	20.8	51.2 oz.	14 fps	50-3280000	Yes	60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Leica SL2	$5,995	47.3	29.5 oz.	20 fps	50-50000	Yes	180, 120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps
Sony Alpha a99 II	$3,198	42.4	30 oz.	12 fps	50-102400	Yes	120, 100, 60, 50, 30, 25, 24 fps

 

Full-Frame Camera Buying Advice

• Resolution
• Weight and Size
• DSLRs vs. Mirrorless​​​​​​
• Video and 4K
• Shooting Speed
• Weather Sealing
• Lens Cost
• Choosing a Brand
• Learning Curve
• Full Frame vs. Medium Format
   

Resolution

Every camera on this list has a full-frame sensor that measures approximately 36 x 24 millimeters (some are slightly less by tenths of a millimeter). But megapixels are another factor in determining overall image quality. If you plan on enlarging photographs to massive proportions, you should consider a full-frame camera with a high megapixel count like the Sony Alpha a7R IV (61 MP), Panasonic S1R (47.3 MP), or Nikon D850 (45.7 MP), It's true that the differences may not be discernible at many print sizes and all of the cameras above can capture professional-grade images that can be enlarged and hung on your wall. But landscape photographers and others making large prints will appreciate the difference. Keep in mind that higher resolutions do come with the need to be very precise with your focusing and other technical aspects—any weaknesses will be magnified. 

Weight and Size

Weight and size didn’t used to be major factors in choosing a full-frame camera. Most digital SLRs are in the ballpark of 30 ounces and action-centric models like the Canon 1D X Mark III and Nikon D6 ;are even heavier. Professional photographers had a bulky camera bag and set-up and there weren’t easy ways around it. However, Sony’s a7 Series of full-frame mirrorless cameras changed the landscape, bringing the weight of the camera body closer to 20 ounces and with a much more compact form factor. Impressively, Canon's trimmed-down EOS RP weighs just 17.1 ounces. 

It wasn’t until the second generation and the Sony's a7R II that we noticed a critical mass of professionals making the switch to lighter mirrorless cameras. A number of people picked up an early a7 or a7R, but those cameras had enough shortcomings—and combined with the lack of lens choices—were less viable for daily work. But when Sony beefed up the megapixel count on the a7R II to 42.4, added 4K video, and reinforced the lens mount, the camera quickly became a powerhouse. At least in the world of outdoor photography, ;a significant number of people have made the switch to the a7 series (now at the IV) and use it as their primary camera. 

Keep in mind that with lenses included, you might not actually save all that much weight by going mirrorless. To use the standard 24-70mm f/2.8 pro zoom as an example, Sony’s version of that lens weighs in at a hefty 31.3 ounces, whereas Canon’s is only 28.4 ounces. This means that the Sony a7R IV with a 24-70mm f/2.8 lens is 54.8 ounces total, while the Canon 5D Mark IV with a 24-70mm f/2.8 is 56.6 ounces. It’s true that the Sony a7R IV has a smaller form factor, but the weight difference between those two set-ups is an insignificant 2.1 ounces. Mirrorless cameras with lenses are lighter, but perhaps not as much as people think. 

Both Nikon with the Z7 and Z6 lines, and Canon with the EOS R and EOS RP, recently entered the full-frame mirrorless market, which was a big deal. While both of these cameras are much lighter than typical Nikon and Canon full-frame DSLR bodies, they run into the same problem as Sony when paired with lenses. And especially the Canon EOS R: the RF-mount lenses tend to be even heavier than their EF counterparts. For example, the 28-70mm f/2 comes in at a very substantial 50.4 ounces. Pair that with the EOS R, and you're looking at a set-up that weighs more than four pounds and is nearly one pound heavier than the Canon 5D Mark IV and 24-70mm f/2.8. In conclusion, while it seemed at the outset that one of the big perks of going mirrorless was saving weight, this becomes less relevant when taking lenses into account.
 

DSLRs vs. Mirrorless

For decades, digital SLRs reigned supreme in the full-frame camera world. Five years ago, along came Sony with the a7 series and things started to shift. Finally, there were full-frame camera bodies that were smaller than DSLRs yet offered comparable image quality. Granted, it took Sony awhile to work through some bugs, and we saw rapid innovations and releases in their a7 line (they have come out with eight cameras in the a7 line in the last five years). Now, with cameras like the a7R IV, mirrorless has become a huge player and we've seen many professionals and enthusiasts switch from DSLRs to mirrorless. And with Nikon and Canon jumping into mirrorless, we expect more people to take the leap. What are the main differences between DLSRs and mirrorless cameras? We answer that question below.

Internal Mirror System (or Lack Thereof)
The most obvious difference is in the name: a mirrorless camera lacks the complex internal mirror system of a DSLR. This means that they are able to be smaller and lighter, and the absence of a mirror also means they can shoot at faster frame rates (there is no mechanism that needs to go up and down for each frame). This is why a camera like the Sony a9 is able to shoot up to 20 frames per second, whereas the Canon 1D X Mark III also goes up to 20 frames per second despite costing and weighing considerably more. 

Battery Life
While mirrorless cameras do have advantages in terms of size and features, there are some notable downsides. First, there just isn't a ton of space for large batteries. Battery life (or lack thereof) has been one of the biggest complaints about mirrorless cameras, to the point where it is common to have to carry a pocket full of batteries for a long day of shooting (with a DSLR like the Nikon D850, you can only carry one battery per day). However, recent cameras like the Sony a7R III do have larger and better batteries than their predecessors, and while they still don't last as long as most DSLR cameras, we find them to be totally adequate for most people.
 
Optical vs. Electronic Viewfinders
Another big difference between these two camera styles are the viewfinders. DSLRs boast an optical viewfinder (OVF), whereas mirrorless cameras typically have electronic viewfinders (EVF). In comparing the two, an optical viewfinder shows you exactly what the lens is seeing rather than an electronic rendition, and many prefer the real-world experience of an OVF. For mirrorless enthusiasts, this is one sacrifice you just have to make. 

All things considered, the choice boils down to personal preference. Some photographers prefer the compact size, superior video capabilities, and modern features that come with mirrorless, whereas others like the extended battery life, abundant lens options, and optical viewfinder that you get with a DSLR. It's also worth noting that to this point, DSLRs have much larger lens selections than mirrorless, which largely is the result of time on the market. Sony is catching up with its full-frame FE-mount options, but Nikon and Canon literally have a decades-long advantage. And it's exciting that both Nikon and Canon both made the jump to mirrorless last year. Competition is good for consumers and means more options for everyone. 
 

Video and 4K

Full-frame cameras are at the top of the camera heap for both still photography and video. Cameras like the Canon 5D Mark IV and Nikon D850 shoot superb video: they have excellent low light performance, advanced autofocus, a wide variety of frame rates, a ton of manual controls, excellent audio, and the full range of outputs. Canon traditionally has been known for superior video, but Nikon has caught up over the years and the D850 and other offerings can compete with any camera on the market. Last but not least, Panasonic has entered the fray with three mirrorless full-frame models including the video-centric S1H, which is very exciting news for serious cinematographers. 

The relatively recent emergence of 4K video resolution in full-frame cameras is again changing the status quo. Sony first offered 4K with the mirrorless a7S, a video-centric camera with only 12.2 megapixels for stills, but later added the technology to models like the a7R III and a99 II. Leica's SL also offers 4K, and the new-for-2020 SL2 is a notable standout at 5K. From Canon, the EOS R and RP, 5D Mark IV, and 1D X Mark III shoot 4K video, and for Nikon it's the Z6, Z7, D850, D780, and D6. 4K isn't offered on every new full-frame camera (the Canon 6D Mark II, for example), but in 2020 it's the norm on mid-range and high-end cameras. 

Unfortunately, keep in mind that some of the new mirrorless models like the Nikon Z7 and Canon EOS R crop down into a frame similar to an APS-C sensor when shooting 4K, meaning that you lose some focal length. But as mirrorless continues to evolve and we see the major companies putting their innovation efforts into them, we'll most likely see some impressive video specs in more mirrorless cameras in the future. 
 

Shooting Speed

Most photographers don’t need blazing fast shooting speeds, which are measured in frames per second (fps). But for action and sports, speed is a must. Interestingly, a new player has emerged on the action scene: the Sony Alpha a9 II. With the same general design as Sony’s popular a7 series, the a9 pushes the envelope in a big way at an impressive 20 fps. Also at the top end of the full-frame category is the Canon 1DX Mark II at 20 fps and the Nikon D6 shoots at 14 fps. All other full-frame cameras on the list have frame rates in the range of 10 fps to 4.4 fps. 

The release of the a9 has opened up a lot of discussion about switching over to Sony’s full-frame system. Many professional action photographers are set with a whole bag of specialty Canon or Nikon lenses, and the prospect of selling all of those lenses and starting from scratch would be financially daunting. However, at least on paper, the a9 is indeed the top action camera (for now) and Sony’s collection of lenses is expanding quickly. We’ve really enjoyed shooting with the G Master series, and Sony recently added a 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 GM and 400mm f/2.8 GM to the mix. 

There are some sacrifices of choosing an ultra-fast camera. The first is resolution, which tends to drop as frame rates increase. For example, the Sony Alpha a9 (20 fps) is 24.2 megapixels while the a7R III (10 fps) is 42.4 megapixels. The Canon 1D X Mark III (20 fps) is 20.2 megapixels while the Canon 5D Mark IV (7 fps) is 30.4 megapixels. Second is cost: the action cameras above are the most expensive models on the market, often close to double their slower counterparts. It's a no-brainer if you're a professional action photographer who needs the fast shooting speeds, but unless your primary subjects are athletes, most people realistically don't. We've found that the shooting speeds and autofocus tracking of cameras like the Nikon D850, Sony a7R IV, and Canon 5D Mark IV are great for moving subjects and will satisfy the majority of shooters.

Weather Sealing

Full-frame cameras are the best of the best, and every camera on this list is advertised as being weather sealed. Unfortunately, there isn't standardization or universal testing of weather sealing, so the way one company seals a camera may be very different from how another does. In general, the process involves covering and sealing the joints and button areas on the camera body with rubber to reduce exposure to moisture and dust. This makes the camera resistant to the elements and we've seen people shoot in some pretty tough conditions and come away unscathed, but they certainly aren't "waterproof" (even true "waterproof" cameras constantly receive complaints of leakage). 

Most photographers aren't out in downpours or extreme weather for extended periods of time, and therefore should be satisfied with the sealing of the cameras on this list. In terms of differentiation, Imaging Resource conducted some fun simulated rain tests and concluded that cameras made by Canon and Nikon fared well whereas Sony cameras let in small amounts of water, especially in the battery compartment. While the camera wasn't ruined and functioned properly after a day or two of drying out, it's worth noting. And if you plan on shooting in extreme conditions, consider using a hood or taking further steps to protect your camera and lenses. 
 

Lens Cost

Don't overlook the cost of lenses when buying your camera. A full-frame sensor will expose the weaknesses of low-quality lenses, and the lens offerings are more expensive than their crop-frame siblings. For "budget" full-frame cameras like the Nikon D780 and Canon 6D Mark II, the kit lenses will allow you to start shooting photos without breaking the bank. Another strategy for saving money is to start with one quality lens for the type of photography you shoot most. Landscape photographers will want a good wide-angle lens that likely will cost from around $1,000 to $2,000. Portrait shooters can spend less as lenses like the 50mm and 85mm primes are some of the best values on the market. And the zoom options are better than ever before, which offer a nice compromise between cost and image quality. 

Whatever your lens strategy is, it's a good idea to at least do a rough calculation of the total cost of your camera with lenses to avoid sticker shock. Keep in mind that acquiring lenses is a slow process and we think it's best to skip shortcuts and invest in better glass. As long as you stick within the same camera system, you'll have your lenses far longer than any camera body and making the right choices will serve you well in the long run. 
 

Choosing a Brand

Technically speaking, you can always switch brands once you buy a full-frame camera and lenses, but it's a much costlier process than with a crop-frame system. For example, many Nikon shooters have a collection of FX full-frame lenses and update camera bodies every few years, and the same goes for Canon and Sony shooters. This means that when you make a full-frame camera purchase, you likely will end up continuing on with that brand well beyond the lifespan of one camera. 

Both Nikon and Canon are highly respected brands and offer the widest selection of lenses for their DSLRs. Sony is an up-and-comer with its full-frame mirrorless offerings, but its collection of FE (full-frame) lenses is improving and gets better by the year. And now that all three major brands have full-frame mirrorless cameras and are showing signs of being committed to innovating in that realm, we anticipate seeing less photographers switching brands like they did during the mass exodus to Sony. The broader point is that whatever brand or system you choose at the outset, know that it likely will be your system for years to come. 

Learning Curve

Compared to entry-level or mid-range cameras, full frame offers the most creativity and customization by far. The good news is that almost all of the models on this list have automatic shooting modes that will help you capture great photos while letting the camera do much of the work. At the same time, these high-end cameras excel at making manual adjustments to things like focus, exposure, ISO sensitivity, and white balance. You don't have to tackle them all at once, but it's a good idea to get comfortable with your camera before you depend on it for the perfect shot. Out of the box, read the manual, charge the battery, and head out for some test shoots. Particularly if you haven't used that brand before, it takes some time to become fluent with the camera and menu. 

Keep in mind that owning a full-frame camera doesn't mean that you'll always be able to capture images like those you see from the pros. Ultimately, a talented photographer or professional can make a beautiful image with any camera. It takes a lot of practice and trial and error to understand how to compose great photographs, and you may learn new tricks every time you're out in the field. A nice camera does translate to better resolution and features, but it's up to the person using it to understand all the intricacies and nuances of what it takes to capture a great image. 

Full Frame vs. Medium Format

Medium format once was the exclusive territory of the most serious fine art and landscape photographers. These extremely expensive cameras have image sensors that dwarf even full frame, ranging from 53.4 x 40.0mm for a Hasselblad down to 43.8 x 32.8mm for a Pentax or Fujifilm. Given that full-frame image sensors are approximately 36 x 24mm (864 sq. mm), a Hasselblad medium format image sensor (2,136 sq. mm) is well over double the size. Combined with a whopping 100 megapixels of resolution and a $33,000 price tag, that’s one heckuva digital camera.

The reason we’ve included this section on medium format is that the technology finally has trickled down to a broader range of photographers. A couple of years ago Pentax released the 645Z medium format camera for around $7,000, and last year Fujifilm released the mirrorless GFX 50S. What’s perhaps most interesting, however, is that Fujifilm skipped competing with Sony’s popular a7 series of full-frame mirrorless cameras altogether and went straight to medium format. This should raise at least some eyebrows that medium format may take further aim at the consumer market in the coming years.
Back to Our Top Full-Frame Camera Picks  Back to Our Full-Frame Comparison Table